What is characterization?

Characterization refers to the process by which the structure and properties of a material are probed and measured. It's essential in materials science, engineering, and chemistry for understanding the composition, morphology, and behavior of substances. Common characterization techniques include microscopy (e.g., SEM, TEM, AFM), spectroscopy (e.g., XRD, XPS, NMR), and thermal analysis (e.g., DSC, TGA). The results of characterization are used to identify materials, optimize their performance, and ensure their quality.