X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
**X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)**
What is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)?
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic state of the elements within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays and simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0-10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS is commonly used to analyze the surface chemistry of materials, identify the elements present, and determine their oxidation states.
Which job functions commonly mention X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)?
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