Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) is an IEEE standard defined in 802.1Q. MSTP enables multiple VLANs to be mapped to the same spanning tree instance, reducing the number of spanning tree instances needed. It is commonly used in larger networks to provide better load balancing and faster convergence than older spanning tree protocols like STP and RSTP. It improves network efficiency by allowing different VLANs to use different paths, preventing traffic bottlenecks.
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