What is isothermal titration calorimetry?

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) is a physical technique used to determine the thermodynamic parameters of interactions in solution. It is most often used to study the binding of small molecules (such as drugs) to larger macromolecules (such as proteins or enzymes). ITC directly measures the heat released or absorbed during a binding event, allowing for the determination of binding affinity (K), stoichiometry (n), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS). It's commonly used in drug discovery, protein engineering, and understanding biomolecular interactions.