Traceroute (tracert) is a command-line network diagnostic tool used to track the route packets take from a source device to a destination device across an IP network. It works by sending a sequence of packets with increasing Time-To-Live (TTL) values. Each router along the path decrements the TTL value, and when the TTL reaches zero, the router sends an ICMP "Time Exceeded" message back to the source. Traceroute uses these messages to identify the routers along the path and measure the round-trip time to each hop. It is commonly used to diagnose network connectivity issues, identify bottlenecks, and visualize the path packets are taking.
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