What is Synchronization?

Synchronization, in the context of computer science and related fields, refers to the coordination of processes or threads to ensure that shared resources are accessed in a controlled and consistent manner. This is essential to prevent race conditions, data corruption, and other issues that can arise when multiple processes or threads try to modify the same data simultaneously. Common techniques for synchronization include mutexes, semaphores, monitors, and barriers. Synchronization is widely used in operating systems, databases, distributed systems, and concurrent programming to maintain data integrity and ensure correct program execution.