Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as stick welding, is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered in flux to lay the weld. An electric current, in the form of either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) from a welding power supply, is used to form an electric arc between the electrode and the metals to be joined. The workpiece and the electrode melt forming a molten metal pool (weld pool) that cools to form a joint. As the weld is laid, the flux coating of the electrode disintegrates, giving off vapors that serve as a shielding gas and providing a layer of slag, both of which protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. It is commonly used in construction, repair work, and fabrication due to its portability and versatility.
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