What is Saga?

In software architecture, a Saga is a design pattern that helps manage data consistency across microservices in a distributed transaction scenario. When a single transaction needs to update data across multiple services, the Saga pattern provides a way to coordinate these updates. It typically involves breaking down the transaction into a series of local transactions, each performed by a microservice. If one transaction fails, compensating transactions are executed to undo the changes made by the preceding transactions, thereby maintaining data consistency. There are two common Saga implementation strategies: Choreography-based Saga (where services communicate and coordinate through events) and Orchestration-based Saga (where a central orchestrator manages the execution of local transactions).