Plasmid purification is a process to isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria. Plasmids are circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules commonly used in molecular biology as vectors for cloning and expressing genes. Common methods involve alkaline lysis, followed by removal of cellular debris and RNA, and then purification of the plasmid DNA using techniques such as silica-based columns, anion exchange chromatography, or cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. Purified plasmids are essential for downstream applications like cloning, sequencing, transfection, and gene therapy.
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