What is network routing and switching?

Network routing and switching are fundamental technologies for directing data packets between networks (routing) and within networks (switching). Routing determines the optimal path for data transmission across multiple networks, while switching efficiently forwards packets within a single network. Routers operate at Layer 3 (Network Layer) of the OSI model, using IP addresses to make forwarding decisions. Switches operate primarily at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer), using MAC addresses to forward packets within a local network. These technologies are essential for enabling communication across the internet and within local area networks.