Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) is an extension to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that allows BGP to carry routing information for multiple network layer protocols (address families). It enables BGP to support protocols beyond IPv4, such as IPv6, multicast routing, and VPNs. It's commonly used to distribute VPN routes (using BGP/MPLS VPNs), IPv6 routes, and multicast routes across a BGP network. MP-BGP accomplishes this through the use of address family identifiers (AFIs) and subsequent address family identifiers (SAFIs), which specify the type of network layer reachability information (NLRI) being carried.
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