PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. In the context of microscopy, PCR can be used to prepare samples for analysis, confirm the identity of organisms visualized under the microscope (e.g., after FISH), or quantify the amount of a specific DNA sequence present in a sample being imaged.

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a plate-based assay technique designed for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. It can be used in conjunction with microscopy to validate or quantify findings observed under the microscope. For example, ELISA can confirm the presence and quantity of a specific protein that is localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.