What is microcontrollers?

Microcontrollers are small, self-contained computer systems on a single integrated circuit (IC). They typically include a CPU, memory (RAM, ROM, or Flash), and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are used in embedded systems to control specific functions within devices, such as appliances, automobiles, and industrial equipment. They are often preferred over more complex microprocessors in applications where low cost, low power consumption, and small size are important.