What is microcontroller programming?

Microcontroller programming involves writing software (firmware) to control the operation of a microcontroller. Microcontrollers are small, self-contained computers used in embedded systems to perform specific tasks. Common applications include controlling appliances, automotive systems, industrial automation, and consumer electronics. Programming languages like C and C++ are frequently used, as well as assembly language for low-level control. The process includes writing code, compiling it for the target microcontroller architecture, and flashing the compiled code onto the microcontroller's memory.