What is L2/L3 VPN?

L2/L3 VPNs (Layer 2/Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks) are technologies that enable secure, private communication over a shared network infrastructure like the internet. L2 VPNs, such as Ethernet VPN (EVPN) or Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), extend a Layer 2 network across geographically separated sites, allowing them to behave as if they are on the same local network. L3 VPNs, such as IP VPNs using protocols like MPLS or IPsec, route traffic between sites at the network layer (Layer 3), creating a private network overlay on top of the public internet. They are commonly used to connect branch offices to a central headquarters, provide secure access for remote workers, and establish private connections between data centers.