What is Java concurrency?

Java concurrency is a set of features and APIs in the Java programming language that allow multiple threads to execute simultaneously within a single Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is used to improve application performance by enabling parallel execution of tasks, enhancing responsiveness by preventing blocking operations, and managing shared resources safely to avoid race conditions and deadlocks. Common use cases include handling multiple client requests in a server application, performing background tasks without freezing the user interface, and parallelizing computationally intensive operations.