What is Graph Theory?

Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph, in this context, is made up of vertices (or nodes) connected by edges (or links). It's used extensively in computer science, operations research, social network analysis, and various other fields to model networks, relationships, and processes. Common applications include finding shortest paths (e.g., in navigation systems), analyzing social networks, optimizing network flows (e.g., in logistics), and representing data structures.