What is 5 Why analysis?

5 Whys analysis is an iterative interrogative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem. The primary goal is to determine the root cause of a defect or problem by repeatedly asking the question "Why?". Each answer forms the basis of the next question. The "5" in the name is indicative of the average number of iterations needed to resolve the problem. It is commonly used in root cause analysis, problem-solving, and process improvement initiatives across various industries.